The International Air Transport Association (IATA) released June passenger demand figures showing year-on-year growth of 6 per cent. The robust growth, measured in revenue passenger kilometers (RPK), is ahead of the 4.8 per cent demand growth reported over the first six months of 2013 compared to the same period in 2012. It is also ahead of the 5.6 per cent expansion in capacity for June over the previous year. This pushed the passenger load factor to 81.7 per cent.
While the strong growth trend was reflected in all regions it should be noted that Asia-Pacific airlines were responsible for half of the increase in RPKs from May to June. Due to the volatility of Asia-Pacific performance it is too early to say if this acceleration marks a trend for the rest of the year.
European airlines were another highlight of the month. They reported a second consecutive month of solid growth (4.8) reflecting an easing in recessionary conditions in the Eurozone and an improvement in business and consumer confidence. And emerging markets were once again the strongest performers, particularly Africa (10.8%) and the Middle East (11.0%).
“June was a positive month for passenger markets. The stability in the Eurozone, albeit tentative, is giving a boost to business and consumer confidence. And the load factor at 81.7 per cent shows that airlines are efficiently meeting increasing demand for travel. But there are some headwinds. Growth in the BRICS economies, including China, is slowing. And oil prices remain high. The industry is still on track to make $4.00 per passenger this year for a global net profit of $12.7 billion. But there is little margin for error and even a small change in the second half of the year could shift the outlook significantly,” said Tony Tyler, IATA’s Director General and CEO.
International Markets Analysis in Detail
International air travel expanded strongly, up by 5.9 per cent in June compared to a year ago. June capacity grew in line with this (5.7%) resulting in a June international load factor of 81.4 per cent.
European carriers recorded 4.7 per cent growth over the previous June. Capacity increased by 3.4 per cent pushing load factors to 83.2 per cent.
Asia-Pacific carriers grew by 5.5 per cent on international routes, slightly behind the 6.7 per cent growth in capacity. The load factor stood at 79 per cent, the lowest among the major regions. Slower than expected economic growth in China during the first half of 2013 coupled with a decline in both trade and export orders are negatively impacting travel across the region. Nonetheless, Asia Pacific carriers did account for nearly half of the May to June growth in RPKs.
North American airlines grew 3.4 per cent in June year-on-year, ahead of the 3 per cent growth in capacity. As a result of continued tight capacity management, the region recorded the highest load factor (87.4%). The June performance was a break from the basically sideways growth of just 1.9 per cent over the first half of the year. It is unlikely that June will mark the start of a step change in the growth trend.
Middle East carriers expanded 12.1 per cent compared to a year ago. This was slightly below the 13.4 per cent capacity expansion resulting in a load factor of 78.4 per cent. The demand for new routes to emerging markets in Africa and Asia has fuelled the growth of the Gulf hubs.
Latin American airlines recorded growth of 8.7 per cent in June, ahead of the 7.7 per cent capacity growth. The region’s load factor stood at 79.2 per cent. The June performance was boosted by strong business-related demand, as the region posted the strongest trade growth of any region in the second quarter.
African airlines benefitted from strong domestic economic growth in key markets such as Ghana, Nigeria, Ethiopia and the Democratic Republic of Congo, to post growth of 11.2 per cent. Although African airlines’ load factors (70.7%) still lag the global average by around ten percentage points, they have made consistent progress to close the gap this year, and in June, improved their load factor by almost three percentage points compared to June 2012.
Selected Domestic Passenger Markets
Total domestic air travel performed strongly in June, with growth of 6.1 per cent compared to June 2012, and growth in all major markets. Domestic capacity expanded by 5.2 per cent leading to a load factor of 82 per cent.
The United States saw domestic growth of 2.4 per cent in June. This weak growth reflects a combination of capacity management, a mature market, and the slowdown in the US economy in Q2. North American carriers posted the highest domestic load factor at 87.1 per cent.
The Chinese domestic market grew 14.6% in June and the load factor stood at 81.5 per cent. This robust performance came despite a reported slowdown in the Chinese economy in recent months .Declining manufacturing employment may put pressure on demand in the months to come.
Brazilian domestic travel was up 3.2 per cent compared to June 2012. This is positive news in a market that is struggling with a 0.6% contraction over the first half of the year and the likelihood of continued economic weakness. Load factors have been a bright spot however, reaching 77.4 per cent in June as airlines tightly control capacity.
The Indian domestic market grew 7.7 per cent in June year-on-year, well ahead of a capacity expansion of 2.6 per cent. Load factors reached 81.5 per cent. Reductions in domestic fares may be leading to increased demand, but it is difficult to discern the true strength of the Indian market due to the volatility of month-to-month traffic.
Russia posted the second-strongest domestic growth rate in June, up 9.8 per cent on a year ago. The outlook for the rest of the year looks positive as the Russian economy looks poised to pick up.
Japan’s domestic market showed a solid rise of 6.9 per cent, reflecting strong momentum in the country’s economy. A milestone was passed, as Japan’s air travel market recovered to pre-tsunami levels. Load factors of 59.5 per cent however, indicate the continuing challenges in the market.
The bottom line
“The half-year report for passenger markets is broadly positive. There is plenty of evidence to support some cautious optimism. Airlines are expecting continued growth in demand, but there is little immediate hope for an improvement in yields. In the short term, cost control remains high on every airline’s agenda. And the longer-term challenge is to expand value streams to generate sustainable levels of profitability,” said Tyler.
The July IATA Airline Business Confidence index reported that 61.5% of respondents expect an improvement in demand. But only half (30.8%) expect any improvement in yields over the next 12 months.
